With the new driver changes, Dell and Alienware laptops, including Dell XPS 13 Skylake, are now better supported.Othe changes in Linux 4.6 kernel include 802.1AE MAC-level encryption support, BATMAN V protocol support, pNFS SCSI layout support, and online inode checker for the OCFS2file system"It’s just as well I didn’t cut the rc cycle short, since the last week ended up getting a few more fixes than expected,” wrote Linus Torvalds about the latest release. As 4.6 kernel is released on time, Torvalds has announced that he will start doing merge window pull requests for 4.7 kernel from tomorrow.Also read: Linux Mint 18 "Sarah” New Features — Best Linux Distro For Desktop Users?

In the form of big changes coming to kernel, Linux 4.6 brings the full support for the USB 3.1 SuperSpeed Plus protocol, giving you the transfer speeds of up to 10Gbps, compared to 5Gbps speed of USB 3 and 480mbps speed of USB 2.0.The other big features coming to Linux is the support for OrangeFS distributed file system along with the support for Intel Memory protection keys and improvements of the Out Of Memory task killer.Linux 4.6 kernel release also bring the 3D/acceleration support for NVIDIA GeForce GTX 900 "Maxwell”. Please note that it’s just an initial support and it doesn’t bring any re-clocking support.With the new Kernel Connection Multiplexor (KCM) technology, networking has also got a boost with an ability to use TCP to send and receive application protocol messages.With the new driver changes, Dell and Alienware laptops, including Dell XPS 13 Skylake, are now better supported.

Othe changes in Linux 4.6 kernel include 802.1AE MAC-level encryption support, BATMAN V protocol support, pNFS SCSI layout support, and online inode checker for the OCFS2file system Linux Mint is often called the best Linux distro for powerful laptops and desktops. The Linux Mint 17.3 "Rosa” release continued this legacy and continued to offer a great Linux desktop experience with heavy customization options and popular desktop environments like MATE, KDE, and Cinnamon.The next Mint release, Linux Mint 18, will be based on the just released Ubuntu 16.04 LTS Xenial Xerus and Linux 4.4 LTS.linux-mint-18-linux kernel "This new base provides us with a lot of updated software, new system and hardware stacks, a newer version of X.Org and newer kernels and drivers,” said Clement Lefebvre, Linux Mint project leader.Talking about other changes, a newer and flatter GTK will ship as a part of Linux Mint as the new Mint Y theme.

However, this new theme that’s based on the popular Arc GTK theme won’t be the default system theme. Mint Y will ship as an option and Linux Mint 18 will continue to use the familiar Mint X theme.During the initial testing of the packages, it was found that the lower-level fixes applied in Linux Mint 17.x were no longer needed in Mint 18. Linux Mint 18 is said to ship with much improvement on the hardware support front.As a result of Linux Mint 18’s rebasing on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, more hardware devices and components are now supported. Mint project has also confirmed the support for Nvidia Optimus and it works out-of-the-box.linux-mint-18-cinnamon-3-0-and-mate-1-14-flavors-arc-gtk-based-theme Linux Mint 18 features also include better installation on Apple Macs, Logitech wireless keyboard support, and touchpad drivers.

As another change in Linux Mint 18, the project has decided to drop the out-of-the-box multimedia codecs and the users will have to choose and install them on their own. The project has posted instructions to do this on your own and called the pre-installed codecs "very costly and only slightly improved our distribution”.In the earlier announcements, it was revealed that Linux Mint will come with X-Apps — Mint’s own apps for Cinnamon and MATE. "X-Apps will be a collection of generic GTK3 applications using traditional interfaces which can be used as default desktop components in Cinnamon, MATE and Xfce,” according to Lefebvre. It looks like things are going great for Linux Mint 18, which will witness its final release in the upcoming months — probably in July or early August. The first beta versions will ship in early June for testing.However, the laptops of adults are not suitable for providing an ideal environment for kids as very often they are confused and lost in complicated applications designed only for adults.

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For such cases, being an open source enthusiast, I will recommend you to check out some Linux distributions designed by the open source community specifically for your kids.Just in case you are looking for the list of best Linux distributions for gaming, multimedia editing, IoT, customization etc., feel free to check out our previous list of top 11 Linux distros of 2016.Why do kids need to learn Linux?
If you are skeptical when it comes to Linux and the choice you are about to make, let me tell you — Linux and its applications are the future of computing. Linux powers some of the most complex infrastructures of the world, including systems of ISS, Google, Facebook, Twitter, Tesla and more. You’ll be surprised to know that 9 out of 10 supercomputers in the world are running on Linux.You can read more in our list of the most interesting facts about Linux.

If we talk about open source, learning Linux could be of a great use. These days the open source technologies are on a boom and Linux is already ruling the cloud and servers. Linux distributions also provide customization and variety — a suitable trait for encouraging the learning nature of kids. Kids love to explore and Linux powered operating systems are a great opportunity for that.These operating systems come with many free and open source programs that can offer a fun learning environment to your child from the beginning.Members of the open source community from all around the world have used their knowledge to make numerous freely available Linux operating systems for kids. Also, setting up these operating systems is a very task.Having said that, let’s tell you about some of the most popular and best Linux distributions for kids:

Doudou Linux is designed with a custom user interface for much younger children of ages 2 to 10. The operating system comes with a simple and tab-based menu and large icons.It comes with many educational games and a simple set of software. This Debian-based free operating system is lightweight and could be installed on any old computer as it needs just 256MB of RAM and an 800MHz CPU.If you are looking for Linux operating systems with more options and functionalities, read ahead and check out Edubuntu or Qimo.Based on the award-winning Sugar Learning Platform, Sugar On A Stick is a Fedora Spin Live USB operating system. As its name suggests, Sugar On A Stick is designed to fit on a simple USB stick and anyone can use it on any computer.It boots right from a USB disk and runs most of the x86-based computers. It’s built from scratch to present a learning environment for kids. This free operating system for kids allows them to make the better use of their computers and start learning before they can read or write.

"The Sugar interface, in its departure from the desktop metaphor for computing, is the first serious attempt to create a user interface that is based on both cognitive and social constructivism: learners should engage in authentic exploration and collaboration,” Sugar Labs explains more about this Linux distro for kids.In the internet world, there are two kinds of addressing, data link layer addressing and logical addressing at the network layer. While physical addressing at the data link layer is defined by the MAC address of a device, on the other hand, IP addressing is defined at the network layer of the OSI model. IP addressing is also known as logical addressing.

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Routing is a method to route a data packet from source to destination. We can think of routing as follows:When you want to access some data from Facebook, you open your laptop, type Facebook’s URL and send an HTTP request to facebook.com for some data. Since Facebook’s server is situated outside your local area network, your request is forwarded to Facebook through the default gateway or router of your institution.
This forwarding of a data request to the destined server or user is known as routing.The network layer must send messages down to the data link layer for transmission. The data that network layer receives is in the form of a packet and the data that data link layer forwards is called a frame Fragmentation and reassembly have to be done by the network layer because some data link layer technologies have limits on the length of any message that can be sent. If the packet that the network layer wants to send is too large, the network layer must split the packet up, send each piece to the data link layer, and then have pieces reassembled once they arrive at the network layer on the destination machine.

Between two computers on the internet, thousands of path topology may exist to connect the one device to another. Some of the networks might be private networks; to use some of the networks to send your data you might have to pay; some of the networks en route might be very busy. But network layer is so smart to find out these things within milliseconds.Some of the other functionalities of the network layer which can be regulated using different protocols working at the network layer are:LLC layer is also known as the logical link control. As it is evident from the name itself that for the data link layer, the LLC layer serves the purpose of providing end to end flow, error control, and multiplexing different protocols over the Mac layer of the data link layer.Let’s assume that I am running Windows 10 and I want to do a video chat with my friend who is sitting across oceans in Germany. Now, here is what happens when we start the video chat:

So when I start video chatting, my application, that maybe Skype, starts generating video data packets. However, the data link layer has some restrictions like a packet size cannot be greater than a particular size, let’s say X bytes in total. That implies that the data packets have to be broken down into different chunks and those data packets have to be transmitted chunk by chunk.Let’s say you send data packets of longer sizes. Then, if that data packet is lost, you will have to send those packets once again. And the larger the size of the packet is, the larger bandwidth will be required to resend those data packets. That’s why an optimized frame size has been defined for the size of a data packet for data link layer.So, now the data packets have been broken into frames and they will be sent chunk by chunk across the internet. So when my data link layer breaks the videos in chunks, it is smart enough to mark those frames with some cues. This allows my friend’s data link layer to exactly know the order of the frames so that it can re-arrange the frames back in order.

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